Trained with the 2 Battalion of Instruction, Tarazona; Lincoln-Washington Battalion, Company 1, Section Leader; Lincoln Battalion, Company 2; 58 Company; Political commissar in the rear; Served at Jarama, Brunete, and rejoined after the Retreats along the Ebro River
Lincoln Battalion, one of 40 Canadians transferred into the Lincolns on 5 June 1937; Political Commissar's course; British Battalion, company commissar; Served at Jarama, Brunete, Quinto, Belchite, and Fuentes de Ebro